1. Laparo 3 trocars.
2. Laparo 2 trocars.
3. Laparo 1 trocar.

1. Endo ngả miệng: Hình của Vĩnh Đạt k30 sưu tầm

2. Nội soi ngả âm đạo (bài của Duy Anh K30 sưu tầm)

ScienceDaily (Jan. 15, 2009) — Breaking new ground in what many surgeons consider the next frontier in minimally invasive surgery, Yale School of Medicine and Yale-New Haven Hospital surgeon Kurt Roberts, M.D., successfully performed an appendectomy with no abdominal incision. The appendix was removed through a small incision in the patient’s vagina.

3.  Nội soi hậu môn trực tràng (HuyềnTrang sưu tầm)

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/EP1605831.html
4.  Open.