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		<title><![CDATA[Diễn đàn Y Cần Thơ - Nội tim mạch]]></title>
		<link>https://ycantho.com/diendan/</link>
		<description><![CDATA[Diễn đàn Y Cần Thơ - https://ycantho.com/diendan]]></description>
		<pubDate>Wed, 20 May 2026 18:42:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<generator>MyBB</generator>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Astronaut Crash Game Explained: Mechanics, Risks, and Overview]]></title>
			<link>https://ycantho.com/diendan/showthread.php?tid=38</link>
			<pubDate>Sun, 03 May 2026 01:04:55 +0800</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://ycantho.com/diendan/member.php?action=profile&uid=159">Astronaut</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ycantho.com/diendan/showthread.php?tid=38</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[In recent years, online casino gaming has developed rapidly, moving from standard gambling games such as tables and slots to modern real-time game formats. <br />
 <br />
One of the most notable innovations in this space is the “crash game” genre—simple in design but intense in gameplay, focused on timing and risk here <a href="https://radwiki.fh-joanneum.at/index.php?title=Astronaut_Crash_Game" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="mycode_url">Astronaut</a> <br />
 <br />
Among these, Astronaut has become increasingly popular as a modern crash-style game that combines minimalistic design with high volatility gameplay mechanics. <br />
 <br />
This article provides a comprehensive, neutral overview of the Astronaut crash game, its mechanics, appeal, risks, and its place within the broader online casino ecosystem. <br />
 <br />
It is intended for readers aged adult users interested in gaming systems who are interested in learning the mechanics behind crash games from an informational perspective. <br />
 <br />
Understanding the Astronaut Game <br />
 <br />
Astronaut is a real-time betting game where a multiplier rises gradually during gameplay while an animated astronaut launches into orbit in a visual simulation. <br />
 <br />
The core idea is simple: the longer the round continues, the larger the potential payout grows. <br />
 <br />
Players typically place a stake before the round begins and must decide when to withdraw winnings before the system randomly stops the ascent. <br />
 <br />
If the player cashes out in time, they receive a payout based on the multiplier at that moment. <br />
 <br />
If the game crashes before cash-out, the stake is not returned. <br />
 <br />
Main Game Loop <br />
 <br />
At its heart, Astronaut follows a basic structure: <br />
 <br />
A round begins and players place a stake. <br />
 <br />
The astronaut launches and a multiplier starts increasing (e.g., low to high multipliers). <br />
 <br />
At any moment, the player may choose to cash out. <br />
 <br />
If the player cashes out before the crash, the payout equals stake ? multiplier. <br />
 <br />
y=mx <br />
m <br />
 <br />
If the crash occurs before cash-out, the stake is lost. <br />
 <br />
The unpredictability of when the crash happens is what defines the game. <br />
 <br />
Unlike traditional games based on fixed probability systems like roulette or blackjack, crash games rely on RNG-based outcomes. <br />
 <br />
The Appeal of Crash Games Like Astronaut <br />
1. Easy-to-understand design <br />
 <br />
Astronaut does not require advanced knowledge of casino games. <br />
 <br />
The interface is typically simple: a rising multiplier, animation, and a cash-out button. <br />
 <br />
2. Fast Rounds <br />
 <br />
Each round lasts seconds to a minute, creating constant action. <br />
 <br />
3. Timing tension <br />
 <br />
Players face a choice between safe cash-outs or potential higher multipliers. <br />
 <br />
4. Space aesthetics <br />
 <br />
The Astronaut theme adds thematic immersion to a mathematical system. <br />
 <br />
Game Risk Dynamics <br />
 <br />
Crash games are considered high-volatility gambling formats. <br />
 <br />
Outcomes may include: <br />
 <br />
random termination of gameplay <br />
 <br />
Long streaks of small returns <br />
 <br />
Occasional rare big wins <br />
 <br />
The psychological tension often comes from the idea of risking for higher returns. <br />
 <br />
Why the Game Feels Engaging <br />
Building tension <br />
 <br />
As the multiplier increases, tension grows. <br />
 <br />
Near-Miss Effect <br />
 <br />
Players often experience near wins or near losses, which increases engagement. <br />
 <br />
False sense of control <br />
 <br />
Although outcomes are random, players feel they can affect outcomes. <br />
 <br />
Fast reinforcement cycle <br />
 <br />
Each round provides immediate resolution, reinforcing continued play. <br />
 <br />
Comparison with Other Crash Games <br />
 <br />
Astronaut belongs to a category including Aviator-style games. <br />
 <br />
Compared to earlier versions, Astronaut features: <br />
 <br />
More polished graphics <br />
 <br />
exploration aesthetic <br />
 <br />
Simplified UI <br />
 <br />
Strategy Myths and Misconceptions <br />
 <br />
Some common beliefs include: <br />
 <br />
“A high multiplier is due after low rounds” <br />
 <br />
“timing of day affects outcomes” <br />
 <br />
However, these assumptions do not reflect how RNG-based mechanics function. <br />
 <br />
Each round is independent. <br />
 <br />
Important Considerations <br />
 <br />
Astronaut operates within a risk-based system. <br />
 <br />
Key points: <br />
 <br />
losses are possible at any time <br />
 <br />
profits are not consistent <br />
 <br />
results vary widely <br />
 <br />
It should be treated primarily as entertainment, not a method of income. <br />
 <br />
Why Astronaut Fits Modern Casino Trends <br />
 <br />
Modern trends include: <br />
 <br />
smartphone accessibility <br />
 <br />
Gamification <br />
 <br />
quick sessions <br />
 <br />
Social features <br />
 <br />
Conclusion <br />
 <br />
Astronaut is a high-volatility casino format combining simple mechanics, fast pacing, and visual storytelling. <br />
 <br />
Its appeal lies in risk-reward balance. <br />
 <br />
However, it remains a chance-based system, where results cannot be reliably predicted or controlled. <br />
 <br />
As crash games continue to evolve, Astronaut represents a clear example of how online casino formats are becoming more interactive, immersive, and psychologically engaging, while still relying on core randomness principles.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[In recent years, online casino gaming has developed rapidly, moving from standard gambling games such as tables and slots to modern real-time game formats. <br />
 <br />
One of the most notable innovations in this space is the “crash game” genre—simple in design but intense in gameplay, focused on timing and risk here <a href="https://radwiki.fh-joanneum.at/index.php?title=Astronaut_Crash_Game" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="mycode_url">Astronaut</a> <br />
 <br />
Among these, Astronaut has become increasingly popular as a modern crash-style game that combines minimalistic design with high volatility gameplay mechanics. <br />
 <br />
This article provides a comprehensive, neutral overview of the Astronaut crash game, its mechanics, appeal, risks, and its place within the broader online casino ecosystem. <br />
 <br />
It is intended for readers aged adult users interested in gaming systems who are interested in learning the mechanics behind crash games from an informational perspective. <br />
 <br />
Understanding the Astronaut Game <br />
 <br />
Astronaut is a real-time betting game where a multiplier rises gradually during gameplay while an animated astronaut launches into orbit in a visual simulation. <br />
 <br />
The core idea is simple: the longer the round continues, the larger the potential payout grows. <br />
 <br />
Players typically place a stake before the round begins and must decide when to withdraw winnings before the system randomly stops the ascent. <br />
 <br />
If the player cashes out in time, they receive a payout based on the multiplier at that moment. <br />
 <br />
If the game crashes before cash-out, the stake is not returned. <br />
 <br />
Main Game Loop <br />
 <br />
At its heart, Astronaut follows a basic structure: <br />
 <br />
A round begins and players place a stake. <br />
 <br />
The astronaut launches and a multiplier starts increasing (e.g., low to high multipliers). <br />
 <br />
At any moment, the player may choose to cash out. <br />
 <br />
If the player cashes out before the crash, the payout equals stake ? multiplier. <br />
 <br />
y=mx <br />
m <br />
 <br />
If the crash occurs before cash-out, the stake is lost. <br />
 <br />
The unpredictability of when the crash happens is what defines the game. <br />
 <br />
Unlike traditional games based on fixed probability systems like roulette or blackjack, crash games rely on RNG-based outcomes. <br />
 <br />
The Appeal of Crash Games Like Astronaut <br />
1. Easy-to-understand design <br />
 <br />
Astronaut does not require advanced knowledge of casino games. <br />
 <br />
The interface is typically simple: a rising multiplier, animation, and a cash-out button. <br />
 <br />
2. Fast Rounds <br />
 <br />
Each round lasts seconds to a minute, creating constant action. <br />
 <br />
3. Timing tension <br />
 <br />
Players face a choice between safe cash-outs or potential higher multipliers. <br />
 <br />
4. Space aesthetics <br />
 <br />
The Astronaut theme adds thematic immersion to a mathematical system. <br />
 <br />
Game Risk Dynamics <br />
 <br />
Crash games are considered high-volatility gambling formats. <br />
 <br />
Outcomes may include: <br />
 <br />
random termination of gameplay <br />
 <br />
Long streaks of small returns <br />
 <br />
Occasional rare big wins <br />
 <br />
The psychological tension often comes from the idea of risking for higher returns. <br />
 <br />
Why the Game Feels Engaging <br />
Building tension <br />
 <br />
As the multiplier increases, tension grows. <br />
 <br />
Near-Miss Effect <br />
 <br />
Players often experience near wins or near losses, which increases engagement. <br />
 <br />
False sense of control <br />
 <br />
Although outcomes are random, players feel they can affect outcomes. <br />
 <br />
Fast reinforcement cycle <br />
 <br />
Each round provides immediate resolution, reinforcing continued play. <br />
 <br />
Comparison with Other Crash Games <br />
 <br />
Astronaut belongs to a category including Aviator-style games. <br />
 <br />
Compared to earlier versions, Astronaut features: <br />
 <br />
More polished graphics <br />
 <br />
exploration aesthetic <br />
 <br />
Simplified UI <br />
 <br />
Strategy Myths and Misconceptions <br />
 <br />
Some common beliefs include: <br />
 <br />
“A high multiplier is due after low rounds” <br />
 <br />
“timing of day affects outcomes” <br />
 <br />
However, these assumptions do not reflect how RNG-based mechanics function. <br />
 <br />
Each round is independent. <br />
 <br />
Important Considerations <br />
 <br />
Astronaut operates within a risk-based system. <br />
 <br />
Key points: <br />
 <br />
losses are possible at any time <br />
 <br />
profits are not consistent <br />
 <br />
results vary widely <br />
 <br />
It should be treated primarily as entertainment, not a method of income. <br />
 <br />
Why Astronaut Fits Modern Casino Trends <br />
 <br />
Modern trends include: <br />
 <br />
smartphone accessibility <br />
 <br />
Gamification <br />
 <br />
quick sessions <br />
 <br />
Social features <br />
 <br />
Conclusion <br />
 <br />
Astronaut is a high-volatility casino format combining simple mechanics, fast pacing, and visual storytelling. <br />
 <br />
Its appeal lies in risk-reward balance. <br />
 <br />
However, it remains a chance-based system, where results cannot be reliably predicted or controlled. <br />
 <br />
As crash games continue to evolve, Astronaut represents a clear example of how online casino formats are becoming more interactive, immersive, and psychologically engaging, while still relying on core randomness principles.]]></content:encoded>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[The Best Way to Spend a Fun Evening at Crash Games]]></title>
			<link>https://ycantho.com/diendan/showthread.php?tid=36</link>
			<pubDate>Fri, 17 Apr 2026 06:22:26 +0800</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://ycantho.com/diendan/member.php?action=profile&uid=102">Vegazone Casino</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ycantho.com/diendan/showthread.php?tid=36</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Wrapped up a solid session grinding crash games and have to say it hits different when you work out the right time to cash out. Had a go at &lt;a href="https://rootskitchen.bar/"&gt;Vegazone&lt;/a&gt; last night and was stoked. Threw in cash through Mastercard and noticed they also take Apple Pay which suits Aussies well. Watching that multiplier rise is addictive as hell — you gotta stay calm yet also pull out at the right moment. Unlike Lucky Jet, Aviator which are fun in their own right, this format gives you a genuine live split-second thrill. Good setup for locals — have a squiz at <a href="https://rootskitchen.bar" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="mycode_url">https://rootskitchen.bar</a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[Wrapped up a solid session grinding crash games and have to say it hits different when you work out the right time to cash out. Had a go at &lt;a href="https://rootskitchen.bar/"&gt;Vegazone&lt;/a&gt; last night and was stoked. Threw in cash through Mastercard and noticed they also take Apple Pay which suits Aussies well. Watching that multiplier rise is addictive as hell — you gotta stay calm yet also pull out at the right moment. Unlike Lucky Jet, Aviator which are fun in their own right, this format gives you a genuine live split-second thrill. Good setup for locals — have a squiz at <a href="https://rootskitchen.bar" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="mycode_url">https://rootskitchen.bar</a>]]></content:encoded>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Myocardial ischemia và Myocardial infarction khi nào là Apoptosis khi nào là Necrosis]]></title>
			<link>https://ycantho.com/diendan/showthread.php?tid=27</link>
			<pubDate>Wed, 19 Nov 2025 19:18:37 +0800</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://ycantho.com/diendan/member.php?action=profile&uid=13">Phucle.CTUMP</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ycantho.com/diendan/showthread.php?tid=27</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[<div style="text-align: center;" class="mycode_align"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #990000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-size: x-large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">Myocardial ischemia và Myocardial infarction khi nào là Apoptosis khi nào là Necrosis?</span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Apoptosis:</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> là sự chết có chương trình của tế bào. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   Apo-: rời ra</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -ptosis: rụng xuống</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Necrosis:</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> hoại tử</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">A) Apoptosis – Pathogenesis</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Thiếu O₂ nhẹ, hoặc thiếu máu kéo dài.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Giảm O2, giảm ATP, nhưng không vỡ màng tế bào.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Kích hoạt caspase → DNA bị cắt nhỏ → Tế bào co lại → Bị đại thực bào “ăn” sạch → Không gây viêm.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">B) Necrosis – Pathogenesis</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Thiếu O₂ nghiêm trọng, độc chất, chấn thương.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Mất ATP, bơm ion ngừng → Tế bào phù → Vỡ màng.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Men tiêu bào thoát ra → Phá hủy mô xung quanh → Gây viêm rõ rệt → Tế bào chết do tổn thương nặng, mất kiểm soát.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #a64d79;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Myocardial Ischemia &amp; Infarction: Apoptosis hay Necrosis?</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">1. Chronic Myocardial Ischemia</span> </span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">(Thiếu máu cơ tim mạn)</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Thiếu máu kéo dài, mức độ nhẹ–trung bình.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   - Tế bào tự chết theo chương trình → Apoptosis (Không đủ nặng để vỡ màng tế bào).</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">2. Acute Myocardial Ischemia</span> </span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">(Thiếu máu cơ tim cấp)</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">a. Tắc một phần</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Vẫn còn dòng máu → Chủ yếu: Apoptosis.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Nếu kéo dài → vài điểm Necrosis nhỏ.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">b. Tắc hoàn toàn</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Mất O₂ đột ngột → Ban đầu là Apoptosis. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Kéo dài thì Necrosis xảy ra.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">3. Myocardial Infarction (MI)</span> </span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">(nhồi máu cơ tim)</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">0–20 phút:</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> Thiếu máu nhưng còn hồi phục → Apoptosis là chính.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">≥20–30 phút trở đi:</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> Tổn thương không hồi phục → Coagulative necrosis.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Vài giờ – vài ngày:</span> </span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">Necrosis lan rộng.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Sau 1–2 tuần:</span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size">Tạo sẹo, không còn apoptosis/necrosis mới.<br />
</span></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;" class="mycode_align"><img src="https://ycantho.com/diendan/images/icons/lightbulb.png" loading="lazy"  alt="[Image: lightbulb.png]" class="mycode_img" /><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #c10300;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size">Gợi ý hình dưới đây: Q hoại tử, T thiếu máu, ST tổn thương<a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedizzy.com%2Ffeed%2F764087&amp;psig=AOvVaw3k91I9I4KhR7ACFGHFVOyD&amp;ust=1763637027226000&amp;source=images&amp;cd=vfe&amp;opi=89978449&amp;ved=0CBUQjRxqGAoTCLiv1YWK_pADFQAAAAAdAAAAABDXAQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="mycode_url"><span style="color: #99c3ff;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="text-decoration: underline;" class="mycode_u"><img src="https://cdn.medizzy.com/RzJkGhC-6xYyXVd7Sbiko-KBVCQ=/800x605/img/posts/e907d15d-ccca-41e7-87d1-5dcccab1e766" loading="lazy"  alt="[Image: e907d15d-ccca-41e7-87d1-5dcccab1e766]" class="mycode_img" /><span style="color: #f1f3f4;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-size: 1pt;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-family: Roboto-Medium, Roboto, arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">800 × 605</span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></span></div>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div style="text-align: center;" class="mycode_align"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #990000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-size: x-large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">Myocardial ischemia và Myocardial infarction khi nào là Apoptosis khi nào là Necrosis?</span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Apoptosis:</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> là sự chết có chương trình của tế bào. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   Apo-: rời ra</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -ptosis: rụng xuống</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Necrosis:</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> hoại tử</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">A) Apoptosis – Pathogenesis</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Thiếu O₂ nhẹ, hoặc thiếu máu kéo dài.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Giảm O2, giảm ATP, nhưng không vỡ màng tế bào.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Kích hoạt caspase → DNA bị cắt nhỏ → Tế bào co lại → Bị đại thực bào “ăn” sạch → Không gây viêm.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">B) Necrosis – Pathogenesis</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Thiếu O₂ nghiêm trọng, độc chất, chấn thương.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Mất ATP, bơm ion ngừng → Tế bào phù → Vỡ màng.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Men tiêu bào thoát ra → Phá hủy mô xung quanh → Gây viêm rõ rệt → Tế bào chết do tổn thương nặng, mất kiểm soát.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #a64d79;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Myocardial Ischemia &amp; Infarction: Apoptosis hay Necrosis?</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">1. Chronic Myocardial Ischemia</span> </span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">(Thiếu máu cơ tim mạn)</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Thiếu máu kéo dài, mức độ nhẹ–trung bình.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   - Tế bào tự chết theo chương trình → Apoptosis (Không đủ nặng để vỡ màng tế bào).</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">2. Acute Myocardial Ischemia</span> </span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">(Thiếu máu cơ tim cấp)</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">a. Tắc một phần</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Vẫn còn dòng máu → Chủ yếu: Apoptosis.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Nếu kéo dài → vài điểm Necrosis nhỏ.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">b. Tắc hoàn toàn</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Mất O₂ đột ngột → Ban đầu là Apoptosis. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Kéo dài thì Necrosis xảy ra.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">3. Myocardial Infarction (MI)</span> </span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">(nhồi máu cơ tim)</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">0–20 phút:</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> Thiếu máu nhưng còn hồi phục → Apoptosis là chính.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">≥20–30 phút trở đi:</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> Tổn thương không hồi phục → Coagulative necrosis.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Vài giờ – vài ngày:</span> </span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">Necrosis lan rộng.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">Sau 1–2 tuần:</span> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size">Tạo sẹo, không còn apoptosis/necrosis mới.<br />
</span></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;" class="mycode_align"><img src="https://ycantho.com/diendan/images/icons/lightbulb.png" loading="lazy"  alt="[Image: lightbulb.png]" class="mycode_img" /><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #c10300;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size">Gợi ý hình dưới đây: Q hoại tử, T thiếu máu, ST tổn thương<a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedizzy.com%2Ffeed%2F764087&amp;psig=AOvVaw3k91I9I4KhR7ACFGHFVOyD&amp;ust=1763637027226000&amp;source=images&amp;cd=vfe&amp;opi=89978449&amp;ved=0CBUQjRxqGAoTCLiv1YWK_pADFQAAAAAdAAAAABDXAQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="mycode_url"><span style="color: #99c3ff;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="text-decoration: underline;" class="mycode_u"><img src="https://cdn.medizzy.com/RzJkGhC-6xYyXVd7Sbiko-KBVCQ=/800x605/img/posts/e907d15d-ccca-41e7-87d1-5dcccab1e766" loading="lazy"  alt="[Image: e907d15d-ccca-41e7-87d1-5dcccab1e766]" class="mycode_img" /><span style="color: #f1f3f4;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-size: 1pt;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-family: Roboto-Medium, Roboto, arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">800 × 605</span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></span></div>]]></content:encoded>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Etiology, Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology của Myocardial Infarction và Myocardial Ische]]></title>
			<link>https://ycantho.com/diendan/showthread.php?tid=26</link>
			<pubDate>Wed, 19 Nov 2025 19:11:11 +0800</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://ycantho.com/diendan/member.php?action=profile&uid=13">Phucle.CTUMP</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ycantho.com/diendan/showthread.php?tid=26</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[<div style="text-align: center;" class="mycode_align"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #c10300;" class="mycode_color">Etiology, Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology của Myocardial Infarction và Myocardial Ischemia</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #005dc2;" class="mycode_color">   Etiology</span></span> (bệnh căn): Gốc rễ của bệnh, cái gì đã gây ra bệnh?</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #005dc2;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   Pathogenesis</span></span> (bệnh nguyên): Tác nhân này đã làm gì với cơ thể mình?<br />
<span style="color: #005dc2;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   Pathophysiology</span></span> (sinh lý bệnh): Cơ thể mình đã đối mặt với tác nhân đó như thế nào?</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size">   <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #005dc2;" class="mycode_color">Myocardial Infarction</span></span>: nhồi máu cơ tim.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size">   <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #005dc2;" class="mycode_color">Myocardial Ischemia</span></span>: thiếu máu cục bộ cơ tim.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #a64d79;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]Myocardial infarction</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]A: Etiology</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">[b]   -</span>[/b]Chủ yếu:</span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> Huyết khối do mảng xơ vữa động mạch vành bị vỡ/loét.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Ít gặp:</span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> Co thắt mạch vành, thiếu máu nặng,…</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]B: Pathogenesis</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   </span>-Mảng xơ vữa → vỡ → tiểu cầu kết tập → hình thành cục huyết khối → tắc hoàn toàn động mạch vành → ngừng cung cấp O₂ → hoại tử cơ tim (</span></span><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]Necrosis</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">).</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]C: Pathophysiology</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]   0–2 phút:</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> mất co bóp vùng thiếu máu.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]   20–30 phút:</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> tổn thương không hồi phục, bắt đầu hoại tử.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]   6–12 giờ:</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> hoại tử lan toàn bộ bề dày vùng tưới máu.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]   Hậu quả:</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> rối loạn nhịp, suy tim cấp (</span></span><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]Acute heart failure</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">), vỡ tim, Shock tim (</span></span><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]Cardiogenic Shock</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">).</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #a64d79;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]Myocardial ischemia </span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]A: Etiology</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   </span>-Thường gặp nhất: xơ vữa động mạch vành.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Khác: co thắt mạch vành, thuyên tắc mạch vành, tăng nhu cầu O₂ (sốt, cường giáp, thiếu máu nặng), hạ huyết áp, rối loạn nhịp nhanh.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]B: Pathogenesis</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   </span>-Tắc nghẽn (mảng xơ vữa + huyết khối) → giảm tưới máu → thiếu O₂→ rối loạn chuyển hóa năng lượng tế bào.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]C: Pathophysiology</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   &lt; 1 phút: </span>rối loạn chức năng cơ tim (giảm co bóp).</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   1–2 phút:</span> thiếu ATP, chuyển hóa yếm khí, tăng lactate.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   20–30 phút:</span> hoại tử cơ tim nếu thiếu máu nặng hơn, kéo dài. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   Hậu quả:</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"> loạn nhịp, giảm chức năng bơm → suy tim, nhồi máu cơ tim nếu kéo dài.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><img src="https://www.osmosis.org/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fd16qt3wv6xm098.cloudfront.net%2F6k9b4-GEQVqUGLJEDOkEAfOeQKmEXhgN%2F_.jpg&amp;w=3840&amp;q=75" loading="lazy"  alt="[Image: image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fd16qt3wv6xm098.c...=3840&amp;q=75]" class="mycode_img" /></span></span></span>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div style="text-align: center;" class="mycode_align"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #c10300;" class="mycode_color">Etiology, Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology của Myocardial Infarction và Myocardial Ischemia</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #005dc2;" class="mycode_color">   Etiology</span></span> (bệnh căn): Gốc rễ của bệnh, cái gì đã gây ra bệnh?</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #005dc2;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   Pathogenesis</span></span> (bệnh nguyên): Tác nhân này đã làm gì với cơ thể mình?<br />
<span style="color: #005dc2;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   Pathophysiology</span></span> (sinh lý bệnh): Cơ thể mình đã đối mặt với tác nhân đó như thế nào?</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size">   <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #005dc2;" class="mycode_color">Myocardial Infarction</span></span>: nhồi máu cơ tim.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size">   <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #005dc2;" class="mycode_color">Myocardial Ischemia</span></span>: thiếu máu cục bộ cơ tim.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #a64d79;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]Myocardial infarction</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]A: Etiology</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">[b]   -</span>[/b]Chủ yếu:</span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> Huyết khối do mảng xơ vữa động mạch vành bị vỡ/loét.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Ít gặp:</span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> Co thắt mạch vành, thiếu máu nặng,…</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]B: Pathogenesis</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   </span>-Mảng xơ vữa → vỡ → tiểu cầu kết tập → hình thành cục huyết khối → tắc hoàn toàn động mạch vành → ngừng cung cấp O₂ → hoại tử cơ tim (</span></span><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]Necrosis</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">).</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]C: Pathophysiology</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]   0–2 phút:</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> mất co bóp vùng thiếu máu.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]   20–30 phút:</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> tổn thương không hồi phục, bắt đầu hoại tử.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]   6–12 giờ:</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> hoại tử lan toàn bộ bề dày vùng tưới máu.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]   Hậu quả:</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> rối loạn nhịp, suy tim cấp (</span></span><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]Acute heart failure</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">), vỡ tim, Shock tim (</span></span><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]Cardiogenic Shock</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">).</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #a64d79;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]Myocardial ischemia </span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]A: Etiology</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   </span>-Thường gặp nhất: xơ vữa động mạch vành.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Khác: co thắt mạch vành, thuyên tắc mạch vành, tăng nhu cầu O₂ (sốt, cường giáp, thiếu máu nặng), hạ huyết áp, rối loạn nhịp nhanh.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]B: Pathogenesis</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   </span>-Tắc nghẽn (mảng xơ vữa + huyết khối) → giảm tưới máu → thiếu O₂→ rối loạn chuyển hóa năng lượng tế bào.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]C: Pathophysiology</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   &lt; 1 phút: </span>rối loạn chức năng cơ tim (giảm co bóp).</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   1–2 phút:</span> thiếu ATP, chuyển hóa yếm khí, tăng lactate.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   20–30 phút:</span> hoại tử cơ tim nếu thiếu máu nặng hơn, kéo dài. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   Hậu quả:</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"> loạn nhịp, giảm chức năng bơm → suy tim, nhồi máu cơ tim nếu kéo dài.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><img src="https://www.osmosis.org/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fd16qt3wv6xm098.cloudfront.net%2F6k9b4-GEQVqUGLJEDOkEAfOeQKmEXhgN%2F_.jpg&amp;w=3840&amp;q=75" loading="lazy"  alt="[Image: image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fd16qt3wv6xm098.c...=3840&amp;q=75]" class="mycode_img" /></span></span></span>]]></content:encoded>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Etiology, Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology của Myocardial Infarction và Myocardial Ische]]></title>
			<link>https://ycantho.com/diendan/showthread.php?tid=25</link>
			<pubDate>Wed, 19 Nov 2025 19:10:48 +0800</pubDate>
			<dc:creator><![CDATA[<a href="https://ycantho.com/diendan/member.php?action=profile&uid=13">Phucle.CTUMP</a>]]></dc:creator>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">https://ycantho.com/diendan/showthread.php?tid=25</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[<div style="text-align: center;" class="mycode_align"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #c10300;" class="mycode_color">Etiology, Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology của Myocardial Infarction và Myocardial Ischemia</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #005dc2;" class="mycode_color">   Etiology</span></span> (bệnh căn): Gốc rễ của bệnh, cái gì đã gây ra bệnh?</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #005dc2;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   Pathogenesis</span></span> (bệnh nguyên): Tác nhân này đã làm gì với cơ thể mình?<br />
<span style="color: #005dc2;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   Pathophysiology</span></span> (sinh lý bệnh): Cơ thể mình đã đối mặt với tác nhân đó như thế nào?</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size">   <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #005dc2;" class="mycode_color">Myocardial Infarction</span></span>: nhồi máu cơ tim.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size">   <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #005dc2;" class="mycode_color">Myocardial Ischemia</span></span>: thiếu máu cục bộ cơ tim.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #a64d79;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]Myocardial infarction</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]A: Etiology</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">[b]   -</span>[/b]Chủ yếu:</span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> Huyết khối do mảng xơ vữa động mạch vành bị vỡ/loét.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Ít gặp:</span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> Co thắt mạch vành, thiếu máu nặng,…</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]B: Pathogenesis</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   </span>-Mảng xơ vữa → vỡ → tiểu cầu kết tập → hình thành cục huyết khối → tắc hoàn toàn động mạch vành → ngừng cung cấp O₂ → hoại tử cơ tim (</span></span><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]Necrosis</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">).</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]C: Pathophysiology</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]   0–2 phút:</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> mất co bóp vùng thiếu máu.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]   20–30 phút:</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> tổn thương không hồi phục, bắt đầu hoại tử.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]   6–12 giờ:</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> hoại tử lan toàn bộ bề dày vùng tưới máu.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]   Hậu quả:</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> rối loạn nhịp, suy tim cấp (</span></span><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]Acute heart failure</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">), vỡ tim, Shock tim (</span></span><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]Cardiogenic Shock</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">).</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #a64d79;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]Myocardial ischemia </span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]A: Etiology</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   </span>-Thường gặp nhất: xơ vữa động mạch vành.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Khác: co thắt mạch vành, thuyên tắc mạch vành, tăng nhu cầu O₂ (sốt, cường giáp, thiếu máu nặng), hạ huyết áp, rối loạn nhịp nhanh.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]B: Pathogenesis</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   </span>-Tắc nghẽn (mảng xơ vữa + huyết khối) → giảm tưới máu → thiếu O₂→ rối loạn chuyển hóa năng lượng tế bào.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]C: Pathophysiology</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   &lt; 1 phút: </span>rối loạn chức năng cơ tim (giảm co bóp).</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   1–2 phút:</span> thiếu ATP, chuyển hóa yếm khí, tăng lactate.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   20–30 phút:</span> hoại tử cơ tim nếu thiếu máu nặng hơn, kéo dài. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   Hậu quả:</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"> loạn nhịp, giảm chức năng bơm → suy tim, nhồi máu cơ tim nếu kéo dài.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><img src="https://www.osmosis.org/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fd16qt3wv6xm098.cloudfront.net%2F6k9b4-GEQVqUGLJEDOkEAfOeQKmEXhgN%2F_.jpg&amp;w=3840&amp;q=75" loading="lazy"  alt="[Image: image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fd16qt3wv6xm098.c...=3840&amp;q=75]" class="mycode_img" /></span></span></span>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div style="text-align: center;" class="mycode_align"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #c10300;" class="mycode_color">Etiology, Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology của Myocardial Infarction và Myocardial Ischemia</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #005dc2;" class="mycode_color">   Etiology</span></span> (bệnh căn): Gốc rễ của bệnh, cái gì đã gây ra bệnh?</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #005dc2;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   Pathogenesis</span></span> (bệnh nguyên): Tác nhân này đã làm gì với cơ thể mình?<br />
<span style="color: #005dc2;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   Pathophysiology</span></span> (sinh lý bệnh): Cơ thể mình đã đối mặt với tác nhân đó như thế nào?</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size">   <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #005dc2;" class="mycode_color">Myocardial Infarction</span></span>: nhồi máu cơ tim.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size">   <span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #005dc2;" class="mycode_color">Myocardial Ischemia</span></span>: thiếu máu cục bộ cơ tim.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #a64d79;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]Myocardial infarction</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]A: Etiology</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">[b]   -</span>[/b]Chủ yếu:</span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> Huyết khối do mảng xơ vữa động mạch vành bị vỡ/loét.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Ít gặp:</span></span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> Co thắt mạch vành, thiếu máu nặng,…</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]B: Pathogenesis</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   </span>-Mảng xơ vữa → vỡ → tiểu cầu kết tập → hình thành cục huyết khối → tắc hoàn toàn động mạch vành → ngừng cung cấp O₂ → hoại tử cơ tim (</span></span><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]Necrosis</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">).</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]C: Pathophysiology</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]   0–2 phút:</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> mất co bóp vùng thiếu máu.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]   20–30 phút:</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> tổn thương không hồi phục, bắt đầu hoại tử.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]   6–12 giờ:</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> hoại tử lan toàn bộ bề dày vùng tưới máu.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]   Hậu quả:</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"> rối loạn nhịp, suy tim cấp (</span></span><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]Acute heart failure</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">), vỡ tim, Shock tim (</span></span><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]Cardiogenic Shock</span></span>[/b]</span><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">).</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #a64d79;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]Myocardial ischemia </span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]A: Etiology</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   </span>-Thường gặp nhất: xơ vữa động mạch vành.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   -Khác: co thắt mạch vành, thuyên tắc mạch vành, tăng nhu cầu O₂ (sốt, cường giáp, thiếu máu nặng), hạ huyết áp, rối loạn nhịp nhanh.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]B: Pathogenesis</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   </span>-Tắc nghẽn (mảng xơ vữa + huyết khối) → giảm tưới máu → thiếu O₂→ rối loạn chuyển hóa năng lượng tế bào.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="color: #1155cc;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">[b]C: Pathophysiology</span></span></span>[/b]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   &lt; 1 phút: </span>rối loạn chức năng cơ tim (giảm co bóp).</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   1–2 phút:</span> thiếu ATP, chuyển hóa yếm khí, tăng lactate.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b">   20–30 phút:</span> hoại tử cơ tim nếu thiếu máu nặng hơn, kéo dài. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="mycode_b"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font">   Hậu quả:</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"> loạn nhịp, giảm chức năng bơm → suy tim, nhồi máu cơ tim nếu kéo dài.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;" class="mycode_size"><span style="color: #000000;" class="mycode_color"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" class="mycode_font"><img src="https://www.osmosis.org/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fd16qt3wv6xm098.cloudfront.net%2F6k9b4-GEQVqUGLJEDOkEAfOeQKmEXhgN%2F_.jpg&amp;w=3840&amp;q=75" loading="lazy"  alt="[Image: image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fd16qt3wv6xm098.c...=3840&amp;q=75]" class="mycode_img" /></span></span></span>]]></content:encoded>
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